Examples of Test Cases in Software Testing
In the world of software development, testing plays a critical role in ensuring the quality and reliability of software products. Test cases are at the heart of this process, acting as a blueprint for testing the functionality, performance, and overall behavior of an application.
In this blog, we will delve into the examples of test cases in software testing, exploring various scenarios that software testers encounter. By understanding these examples, you'll gain insights into how to design effective test cases that cover both functional and non-functional aspects of software.
Introduction to Test Case Examples in Software Testing
Before diving into specific examples of test cases in software testing, it's essential to understand what a test case is. Test cases are a collection of conditions or actions designed to verify that a software application functions according to the specified requirements. They detail the steps to follow, the input values to utilize, and the expected outcomes to ascertain whether the application behaves correctly under various conditions.
There are several types of test cases, such as functional, non-functional, boundary value, edge case, and real-world examples. By examining these examples of test cases in software testing, you'll see how they are utilized in various testing scenarios to ensure comprehensive coverage of the software's functionality and performance.
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Functional Test Case Examples
Functional test cases are designed to verify that a software application behaves as expected according to its specified requirements. Below are examples of test cases in software testing of functional test cases that illustrate how different functionalities can be tested:
1. Login Functionality
Test Case ID:
TC001
Description:
Verify that a user can successfully log in with valid credentials.
Preconditions:
User must be registered and have valid login credentials.
Test Steps:
1. Navigate to the login page.
2. Enter valid username and password.
3. Click the "Login" button
Expected Result:
User is redirected to the dashboard page, and a welcome message is displayed.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
2. Password Reset Functionality
Test Case ID:
TC002
Description:
Verify that a user can reset their password.
Preconditions:
User must have access to the registered email.
Test Steps:
1. Navigate to the login page.
2. Click on the 'Forgot Password?' link.
3. Enter the registered email address.
4. Click the 'Submit' button.
5. Check the email for a password reset link.
6. Click the link and enter a new password.
7. Confirm the new password.
Expected Result:
User receives a confirmation message that the password has been reset successfully.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
3. Add to Cart Functionality
Test Case ID:
TC003
Description:
Verify that a user can add a product to the shopping cart.
Preconditions:
User must be logged in.
Test Steps:
1. Navigate to the products page.
2. Select a product.
3. Click the 'Add to Cart' button.
Expected Result:
The product is added to the shopping cart, and a confirmation message is displayed.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
4. Search Functionality
Test Case ID:
TC004
Description:
Verify that the search feature returns correct results.
Preconditions:
The application must have products listed.
Test Steps:
1. Navigate to the homepage.
2. Enter a product name in the search bar.
3. Click the 'Search' button.
Expected Result:
The search results display products matching the entered name.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
5. User Registration
Test Case ID:
TC005
Description:
Verify that a new user can register successfully.
Preconditions:
None.
Test Steps:
1. Navigate to the registration page.
2. Fill in the required fields (name, email, password).
3. Click the 'Register' button.
Expected Result:
A confirmation message is displayed, and the user is redirected to the login page.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
These examples of test cases in software testing illustrate how functional test cases are structured to ensure that various functionalities of a software application are tested thoroughly. Each test case includes clear steps, expected outcomes, and conditions to validate the software's performance against its requirements.
Non-Functional Test Case Examples
Here are some examples of test cases in software testing’s non-functional test cases that illustrate various aspects of software performance, usability, and security:
1. Performance Testing
Test Case ID:
TC001
Description:
Verify that the application can handle 1000 concurrent users without performance degradation.
Preconditions:
The application is deployed in a test environment.
Test Steps:
1. Simulate 1000 users logging into the application simultaneously.
2. Measure the response time for each user login.
Expected Result:
The application should respond within 5 seconds for all users.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
2. Load Testing
Test Case ID:
TC002
Description:
Assess the application’s performance under peak load conditions.
Preconditions:
Load testing tools are set up.
Test Steps:
1. Gradually increase the number of users accessing the application from 100 to 1000.
2. Monitor the application’s response time and resource utilization.
Expected Result:
The application should maintain acceptable performance levels (response time under 3 seconds) up to 1000 users.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
3. Stress Testing
Test Case ID:
TC003
Description:
Determine the application's breaking point under extreme conditions.
Preconditions:
The application is deployed and configured for stress testing.
Test Steps:
1. Increase the number of concurrent users beyond 1000 until the application fails.
2. Record the failure point and any error messages displayed.
Expected Result:
The application should fail gracefully, displaying an appropriate error message without crashing.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
4. Usability Testing
Test Case ID:
TC004
Description:
Evaluate the user interface for intuitiveness and ease of navigation.
Preconditions:
The application is fully developed and accessible.
Test Steps:
1. Provide a group of users with tasks to complete using the application.
2. Observe and record the time taken to complete each task and any difficulties encountered.
Expected Result:
Users should complete tasks within a reasonable time frame (e.g., under 5 minutes) and report minimal difficulties.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
5. Security Testing
Test Case ID:
TC005
Description:
Verify that the application is secure against SQL injection attacks.
Preconditions:
The application is deployed in a test environment.
Test Steps:
1. Attempt to input a SQL injection string into the login form.
2. Observe the application’s response to the input.
Expected Result:
The application should reject the input and not expose any database information.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
6. Compatibility Testing
Test Case ID:
TC006
Description:
Ensure the application functions correctly across different browsers.
Preconditions:
The application is accessible on multiple browsers.
Test Steps:
1. Open the application in Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.
2. Perform basic functionalities (login, navigation, and data submission).
Expected Result:
The application should function correctly and display consistently across all tested browsers.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
These examples of test cases in software testing demonstrate how non-functional test cases are structured to evaluate various quality attributes of a software application. Each test case includes clear steps, expected outcomes, and conditions to validate the application's performance, usability, and security.
Boundary Value Test Case Examples
Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a testing technique that focuses on the values at the edges of input ranges, as these values are more likely to cause errors. Below are examples of test cases in software testing that illustrate how BVA can be applied in various scenarios.
Example 1: Age Validation
Input Range:
18 to 56
Valid Boundary Values:
18, 19, 55, 56
Invalid Boundary Values:
17, 57
Test Cases:
1. Test Case ID: TC001
Input: 17 (18 - 1)
Expected Result: Invalid input, error message displayed.
2. Test Case ID: TC002
Input: 18 (Minimum boundary)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
3. Test Case ID: TC003
Input: 19 (18 + 1)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
4. Test Case ID: TC004
Input: 55 (56 - 1)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
5. Test Case ID: TC005
Input: 56 (Maximum boundary)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
6. Test Case ID: TC006
Input: 57 (56 + 1)
Expected Result: Invalid input, error message displayed.
Example 2: Password Length Validation
Input Range:
6 to 10 characters
Valid Boundary Values:
6, 7, 10
Invalid Boundary Values:
5, 11
Test Cases:
1. Test Case ID: TC007
Input: "abc" (5 characters)
Expected Result: Invalid input, error message displayed.
2. Test Case ID: TC008
Input: "abcdef" (6 characters)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
3. Test Case ID: TC009
Input: "abcdefg" (7 characters)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
4. Test Case ID: TC010
Input: "abcdefghij" (10 characters)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
5. Test Case ID: TC011
Input: "abcdefghijk" (11 characters)
Expected Result: Invalid input, error message displayed.
Example 3: Numeric Input Validation
Input Range:
1 to 100
Valid Boundary Values:
1, 2, 99, 100
Invalid Boundary Values:
0, 101
Test Cases:
1. Test Case ID: TC012
Input: 0 (1 - 1)
Expected Result: Invalid input, error message displayed.
2. Test Case ID: TC013
Input: 1 (Minimum boundary)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
3. Test Case ID: TC014
Input: 50 (Nominal value)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
4. Test Case ID: TC015
Input: 99 (100 - 1)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
5. Test Case ID: TC016
Input: 100 (Maximum boundary)
Expected Result: Valid input, user can proceed.
6. Test Case ID: TC017
Input: 101 (100 + 1)
Expected Result: Invalid input, error message displayed.
These examples of test cases in software testing here demonstrate how Boundary Value Analysis helps in identifying potential defects by focusing on the critical edge cases of input ranges. Each test case specifies the input value, expected outcome, and the rationale behind testing at those boundaries.
Edge Case Scenarios
Edge cases are extreme scenarios that push the boundaries of the software's functionality. They are essential for verifying that the application can manage unexpected or unusual inputs.
Example 1: Special Characters in Input Fields
Test Case Name:
Verify the system's handling of special characters in input fields.
Test Steps:
1. Enter special characters (e.g., !@#$%) in the username field.
2. Submit the form.
Expected Result:
The system should handle special characters appropriately, either by accepting them if allowed or displaying an error message if not.
Example 2: Maximum Data Upload
Test Case Name:
Verify the system's behavior when uploading the maximum allowed file size.
Test Steps:
1. Attempt to upload a file that is exactly the maximum allowed size.
2. Attempt to upload a file that exceeds the maximum size by a small margin.
Expected Result:
The system should accept the file within the size limit and reject the file that exceeds the limit.
Real-World Test Case Examples
Example 1: E-commerce Checkout
Test Case Name:
Verify the e-commerce checkout process.
Test Steps:
1. Add items to the cart.
2. Proceed to checkout.
3. Enter shipping and payment information.
4. Complete the purchase.
Expected Result:
The order is processed successfully, and a confirmation email is sent to the user.
Example 2: Social Media Profile Update
Test Case Name:
Verify the ability to update the user's profile information.
Test Steps:
1. Log in to the social media account.
2. Navigate to the profile settings.
3. Update the profile picture and bio.
4. Save the changes.
Expected Result:
The profile information is updated successfully, and the changes are reflected immediately.
Automated vs. Manual Test Case Examples
Here are automated and manual examples of test cases in software testing, highlighting the differences between the two approaches in software testing.
Automated Examples of Test Cases in Software Testing
1. Login Functionality Test
Test Case ID:
ATC001
Description:
Verify that users can log in with valid credentials.
Preconditions:
The application is deployed and accessible.
Automation Steps:
1def test_login_valid_credentials():2 driver.get("https://example.com/login")3 driver.find_element(By.ID, "username").send_keys("validUser")4 driver.find_element(By.ID, "password").send_keys("validPassword")5 driver.find_element(By.ID, "loginButton").click()6 assert "Dashboard" in driver.title
Expected Result:
User is redirected to the dashboard page.
2. Search Functionality Test
Test Case ID:
ATC002
Description:
Verify that the search feature returns correct results.
Preconditions:
The application contains searchable items.
Automation Steps:
1def test_search_functionality():2 driver.get("https://example.com")3 search_box = driver.find_element(By.ID, "searchBox")4 search_box.send_keys("test item")5 driver.find_element(By.ID, "searchButton").click()6 assert "test item" in driver.page_source
Expected Result:
The search results display items matching the search query.
Manual Examples of Test Cases in Software Testing
User Registration Test
Test Case ID:
MTC001
Description:
Verify that a new user can register successfully.
Preconditions:
None.
Test Steps:
Navigate to the registration page.
Expected Result:
A confirmation message is displayed, and the user is redirected to the login page.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
Usability Testing for Navigation
Test Case ID:
MTC002
Description:
Evaluate the ease of navigation in the application.
Preconditions:
The application is fully developed and accessible.
Test Steps:
Open the application.
Expected Result:
Users can easily navigate to all sections within 3 clicks.
Actual Result:
[To be filled after execution]
Status:
[Pass/Fail]
What is difference in automated and manual examples of test cases in software testing?
1. Automated tests are executed using scripts and tools, while human testers perform manual tests.
2. Automated tests can execute much more quickly, especially for repetitive tasks, whereas manual testing tends to be slower due to the involvement of humans.
3. Automated tests are less susceptible to human error compared to manual testing, which can be impacted by tester fatigue and oversight.
4. Automation requires an initial investment in tools and setup but can be cost-effective in the long run. Manual testing may have lower upfront costs but can be more expensive over time due to the need for human resources.
5. Manual testing is more adaptable to changes and excels at exploratory testing, which automated tests struggle with due to their reliance on predefined scripts.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the importance of understanding test cases through examples of test cases in software testing cannot be overstated. They serve as the cornerstone for understanding the nuances of testing in a variety of scenarios.
From functional to non-functional aspects to boundary value and edge cases, as well as real-world examples, these test cases lay a strong foundation for guaranteeing the quality and reliability of software. Whether you're a new or a seasoned tester, grasping these examples of test cases in software testing will enable you to craft more effective test cases, thereby enhancing the success of your software projects.
Frequently Asked Questions
Example: "Verify that the login page accepts valid credentials and redirects to the dashboard.
Use case examples include scenarios like "User logs in with valid credentials," "User updates profile information," or "User adds an item to the cart.
To write a test case, identify the test scenario, define preconditions, outline the test steps, specify the expected result, and note any postconditions.
Types include functional, non-functional, regression, usability, performance, and security test cases.